Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014538

Figure Lengend Snippet: M2e amino acid sequence of influenza A viruses.

Article Snippet: Influenza A viruses, A/California/4/2009 (2009 pandemic H1N1 virus) kindly provided by Dr. Richard Webby, mouse adapted A/Philippines/2/1982 (H3N2) and A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) generously provided by Dr. Huan Nguyen, and influenza B virus (B/Victoria/2/87, ATCC) were propagated in the allantoic cavity of 11 day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 48 hrs at 37°C.

Techniques: Sequencing

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014538

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B) Groups of vaccinated mice and a mock control were intranasally challenged with a lethal dose (3× LD 50 ) of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus at 4 weeks after prime (n = 4) or boost (n = 9) vaccination. Body weight changes (A) and survival rates (B) were recorded for 14 days. M2VLP/single, one time immunization with M2 VLPs, M2VLP/boost, prime-boost immunizations with M2 VLPs, Mock: prime-boost immunizations with M1 only VLPs without M2. (C–D) A lethal dose (3× LD 50 ) of A/Philippines/82 (H3N2) influenza virus was used to challenge the mice vaccinated with two doses of M2 VLPs. Body weight changes (C) and survival rates (D) were recorded daily (n = 5 mice out of 9). Similar body weight changes and 100% protection were reproducible in duplicate experiments.

Article Snippet: Influenza A viruses, A/California/4/2009 (2009 pandemic H1N1 virus) kindly provided by Dr. Richard Webby, mouse adapted A/Philippines/2/1982 (H3N2) and A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) generously provided by Dr. Huan Nguyen, and influenza B virus (B/Victoria/2/87, ATCC) were propagated in the allantoic cavity of 11 day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 48 hrs at 37°C.

Techniques: Control, Virus

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nasal wash, BALF, and lung samples were collected from individual mice before challenge (A) and at day 4 post challenge (B) with A/Philippines/82 (H3N2) virus (n = 6) 4 weeks post boost vaccination. Nasal wash (2× diluted), BALF (2× diluted), and lung homogenates (4× diluted) were used for determination of IgA antibody responses specific to M2 peptide (A–B). Lung virus titers (C) were determined by using a plaque assay. The asterisk indicates a significant difference between M2VLP and Mock groups, * p<0.05, ** p<0.01.

Article Snippet: Influenza A viruses, A/California/4/2009 (2009 pandemic H1N1 virus) kindly provided by Dr. Richard Webby, mouse adapted A/Philippines/2/1982 (H3N2) and A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) generously provided by Dr. Huan Nguyen, and influenza B virus (B/Victoria/2/87, ATCC) were propagated in the allantoic cavity of 11 day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 48 hrs at 37°C.

Techniques: Virus, Plaque Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014538

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A–B) At six months after prime-boost immunizations with M2 VLPs, mice (n = 5) were challenged with a lethal dose (3× LD 50 ) of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus. A) Body weight changes, B) Survival rates. (C–D) Mice (n = 5) that were intranasally immunized with M2 VLPs 7 months earlier were challenged with A/Philippines/82 (H3N2) virus. Body weight changes (C) and survival rates (D) are shown.

Article Snippet: Influenza A viruses, A/California/4/2009 (2009 pandemic H1N1 virus) kindly provided by Dr. Richard Webby, mouse adapted A/Philippines/2/1982 (H3N2) and A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) generously provided by Dr. Huan Nguyen, and influenza B virus (B/Victoria/2/87, ATCC) were propagated in the allantoic cavity of 11 day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 48 hrs at 37°C.

Techniques: Virus

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Influenza Virus-Like Particles Containing M2 Induce Broadly Cross Protective Immunity

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014538

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immune sera collected from M2 VLP vaccinated mice at 4 weeks after boost vaccination were incubated with a lethal dose of A/Philippines/82 (H3N2) influenza virus at room temperature for 30 min. Groups of mice (n = 4) were intranasally challenged with a lethal infectious dose mixed with M2 immune sera (M2VLP) or Mock sera. Body weight (A) and survival rate (B) were monitored for 14 days. 100% protection and similar body weight changes were obtained from sera of the M2VLP group in duplicate experiments.

Article Snippet: Influenza A viruses, A/California/4/2009 (2009 pandemic H1N1 virus) kindly provided by Dr. Richard Webby, mouse adapted A/Philippines/2/1982 (H3N2) and A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) generously provided by Dr. Huan Nguyen, and influenza B virus (B/Victoria/2/87, ATCC) were propagated in the allantoic cavity of 11 day-old embryonated chicken eggs for 48 hrs at 37°C.

Techniques: Incubation, Virus